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Bladder Cancer Overview

Bladder Cancer Prevalence

Diagnosing Bladder Cancer

Types of Bladder Cancer

Unmet Needs in NMIBC

BCG Treatment

Understaging

Inadequate Treatment

Recurrence and Progression

Quality of Life Outcomes

Resources

EACH YEAR, ~80,000 PEOPLE ARE DIAGNOSED WITH BLADDER CANCER IN THE US1

6

most common cancer1

17

,000

annual deaths1

See risk factors, types of bladder cancer, and staging.

Common risk factors and symptoms associated with bladder cancer

Modifiable factors2

Tobacco smoking2

  • Accounts for 50% of cases worldwide
  • Smokers are 3x more likely to have bladder cancer than nonsmokers

Select occupational exposures to urothelial carcinogens2

  • Increased risk for workers in the dye, rubber, leather, and paint industries

Arsenic exposures2

  • Communities with high levels of arsenic in drinking water

Nonmodifiable factors2

Race, age, and gender

  • 2x more common in Caucasians2

  • Median age at diagnosis: 731

  • 4x more common in men than women1

Chronic bladder inflammation2

  • UTIs, kidney and bladder stones, bladder catheter placement over a long period

Most common bladder cancer symptoms3

  • Hematuria​
  • Irritable urinary tract symptoms
  • Abdominal, lower back, or pelvic pain​
  • Incontinence​
  • Fatigue​
  • Anorexia​

Not a real patient.

UTI=urinary tract infection.

Learn about the types of bladder cancer.

In the United States, urothelial carcinoma accounts for 90% of all bladder cancer4

There are 4 main types of bladder cancer.4

Learn more about staging.

75% of urothelial carcinoma is NMIBC7*

NMIBC includes flat tumors confined to the mucosa (Tis) or tumors confined to the urothelium (Ta, T1).8

Patients with NMIBC are stratified for risk of recurrence and progression (low, intermediate, high) with TURBT and other confirmatory steps.7,9

~25% of all patients newly diagnosed with NMIBC have high-risk disease8

AUA Risk Stratification for NMIBC9

LOW

  • Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential
  • Low-grade urothelial carcinoma
    • Ta and ≤3 cm and solitary

INTERMEDIATE

  • Low-grade urothelial carcinoma

    • T1 or >3 cm or multifocal or recurrence in 1 year
  • High-grade urothelial carcinoma
    • Ta and ≤3 cm and solitary

HIGH

  • High-grade urothelial carcinoma

    • CIS or T1 or >3 cm or multifocal

  • Very high-risk features (any)

    • BCG unresponsive
    • Variant histologies
    • Lymphovascular invasion
    • Prostatic urethral invasion

AUA=American Urological Association; BCG=bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CIS=carcinoma in situ; MIBC=muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NMIBC=non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer; TURBT=transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

References: 1. National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer stat facts: bladder cancer. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html 2. American Cancer Society. Bladder cancer risk factors. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html 3. National Cancer Institute. Bladder cancer symptoms. Updated February 16, 2023. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/symptoms 4. National Cancer Institute: SEER Training Modules. Types of bladder cancer. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://training.seer.cancer.gov/bladder/intro/types.html 5. Lamm DL, Morales A. A BCG success story: from prevention of tuberculosis to optimal bladder cancer treatment. Vaccine. 2021;39(5):7308-7318. 6. Gontero P, Comperat E, Dominguez Escrig JL, et al. EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TaT1 and CIS). Presented at the EAU Annual Congress Milan. Milan, Italy; March 10-13, 2023. 7. Shore ND, Redorta JP, Robert G, et al. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an overview of potential new treatment options. Urol Oncol. 2021;39(10):642-663. 8. Bedke J, Black PC, Szabados B, et al. Optimizing outcomes for high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: the evolving role of PD-(L)1 inhibition. Urol Oncol. 2023;41(12):461-475. 9. Holzbeierlein J, Bixler BR, Buckley DI, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO guideline: 2024 amendment. J Urol. 2024. Published online ahead of print January 24, 2024. doi:10.1097JU.0000000000003846 10. American Cancer Society. Bladder cancer stages. Accessed March 15, 2024. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html

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March 2024

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